30 September 2002 Stephen Arno & Ramona P. Hammerly
TIMBERLINE MOUNTAIN AND ARCTIC FOREST FRONTIERS
The Mountaineers, Seattle, WA, USA, 1984, 304 pages, line drawings, diagrams, maps, bibliography, index
ISBN 0-89886-085-7

Back Cover
By Stephen F. Arno
Illustrations by Ramona P. Hammerly

Timberline - where the trees end - is a biological boundary visible to even the casual traveler throughout North America. Where highways or hiking trails ascend to upper timberlines (ranging from below 2000-foot elevations in Alaska to over 11,000 feet in California), visitors see patchy forest and meadows giving way to stunted trees and finally to mere shrub-like trees and tundra. A lower timberline is seen in the semi-arid west at the foot of mountain ranges. Those who fly over northern Canada or Alaska see a cold-produced "arctic timberline" snaking across the continent.

This book describes what timberlines are and why they exist, and what human uses have been made of the timberline environment. It surveys tree species and conditions of individual North American timberlines - in the Pacific Coast, Great Basin, Southwest and Mexican mountains; in the Rockies and Northern Appalachians, and in the arctic - with reference to timberlines worldwide.

The Mountaineers
306 Second Avenue West, Seattle WA 98119


Contents

PREFACES	v
LIST OF PLATES	xii
LIST OF FIGURES	xv
PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED	xvii
INTRODUCTION, with notes on classification, nomenclature, morphology, economic uses, propagation, and cultivation	1
SYNOPSIS of Families and Genera	15
KEY TO GENERA Cultivated in the British Isles	23
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES arranged in alphabetical order	27
INDEX	655

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30 September 2002